4834 – Currency Errors

DESCRIPTION

Why did I receive a Currency Error chargeback?

You received this chargeback because the cardholder claims you didn’t give the option to pick a currency or you used currency conversion incorrectly.

Click here to learn more about Dynamic Currency Conversion (DCC).

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CLASSIFICATION

How does Mastercard classify this dispute?

Mastercard nests several subcategories under general, overarching reason codes. This Currency Error subcategory is part of reason code 4834 – point-of-interaction error.

Point-of-interaction (POI) error chargebacks usually happen when you made a mistake — or the cardholder alleges you made a mistake — while processing the transaction.

Mastercard has two transaction processing workflows: dual message and single message. Reason code 4834 is for the dual message workflow.

ISSUER TIME LIMIT

How long can the issuer wait to file a Currency Error chargeback?

In most situations, the issuer must file a chargeback within 90 days of the transaction processing date.

For European ATM and Maestro transactions, the deadline may be extended to 120 days.

SECOND PRESENTMENT

Can I fight a Currency Error chargeback?

Yes. You can fight this chargeback — a process called representment or second presentment — in the following situations.

• The transaction was processed correctly using the correct transaction amount and currency code.
• You suspect the cardholder’s supporting documentation is partially altered or completely falsified.
• You have already refunded the transaction.
• The chargeback was invalid.

There are a couple of reasons why this chargeback might be invalid.

• The chargeback does not meet Mastercard’s filing requirements.
• The chargeback was processed after the time limit.
• A single transaction had more than one chargeback.
• The primary account number (PAN) and acquirer reference data (ARD) used in the chargeback does not match what was sent in the original transaction record.
• The cardholder did not provide the required supporting documentation.
• The cardholder’s supporting documentation was illegible or incomplete.

SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION

What supporting documents are needed for a Currency Error chargeback?

If an issuer inaccurately files a point-of-interaction error chargeback and it can be challenged, your acquirer’s chargeback technology may automatically respond on your behalf.

If your acquirer doesn’t automatically respond and you receive a chargeback notice, you can challenge the chargeback yourself. Here’s how.

Create a chargeback rebuttal letter and explain why the chargeback should be reversed. Include information that supports your case and is relevant to the reason for fighting the chargeback. If you want to be extra helpful, you could also provide the acquirer with Mastercard’s required message code.

• If you are disputing a chargeback because the issuer didn’t follow Mastercard’s rules, explain why the chargeback was invalid in your rebuttal letter. The message code is 2713 (Invalid Chargeback).
• If you are disputing a chargeback because it was filed after the time limit, share the transaction processing date and the chargeback processing date. The message code is 2702 (Past Chargeback Time Limit).
• If you are disputing a chargeback because the issuer had previously filed a chargeback for the same transaction, provide the processing date and the reference number for the first chargeback. The message code is 2701 (Duplicate Chargeback).
• If you are disputing a chargeback because the cardholder didn’t provide supporting documents, you can simply reply with the message code: 2002 (Non-receipt of Required Documentation to Support Chargeback).
• If you are disputing a chargeback because the cardholder’s supporting documents are illegible or incomplete, you can simply reply with the relevant message code: 2709 (Documentation Received was Illegible) or 2710 (Scanning Error-Unrelated Documents or Partial Scan).

The majority of the time, your acquirer probably won’t catch the issue and you’ll be responsible for challenging the chargeback yourself.

There are a couple situations that don’t require supporting documents — just specific data elements included in the rebuttal letter.

• If you are disputing a chargeback because a refund has already been issued to the cardholder’s Mastercard account, provide the date and acquirer reference data (ARD) for the refund. The message code is 2011 (Credit Previously Issued).
• If you are disputing a chargeback because you suspect the cardholder altered or falsified documents, you need to clearly explain what has been manipulated. The message code is 2001 (Suspected Altered or Falsified Documentation).

The remainder of the time, your second presentment package does need documents to support the claims you made in your rebuttal letter.

If you are disputing a chargeback because the transaction was processed correctly, provide documentation that proves the transaction amount and currency code were accurate.

NOTE: If the dispute happened because the cardholder claimed he/she didn’t agree to the conversion, you can’t file a second presentment. You must simply accept liability for the chargeback.

If you are disputing a chargeback because you have already issued a refund — but it was not to the cardholder’s Mastercard account — you need to prove where and how you returned the funds to the cardholder. For example, store credit, check, cash, prepaid card, etc.

NOTE: This information applies to chargebacks processed with the dual message system (which nearly all card-not-present transactions use). Chargebacks for single message transactions use a slightly different process.

ACQUIRER TIME LIMIT

How quickly do I need to file a chargeback response?

In most situations, a second presentment (also referred to as a representment or chargeback response) must be submitted to the issuer within 45 calendar days of the chargeback processing date.

However, there are a few timeline exceptions. The following countries have alternate time limits in certain situations — either 10, 20, or 30 days instead of 45.

• Costa Rica
• Kazakhstan
• Mainland China
• Nigeria
• Tanzania

NOTE: These time limits are for the acquirer — not you, the merchant. Merchant time limits are usually much shorter. Review your chargeback notice or check with your acquirer to find out how long you have to respond.

ADVANCING THE CASE

Are pre-arbitration and arbitration an option for a Currency Error chargeback?

Yes, in most situations, an issuer can advance the dispute after completing the chargeback and second-presentment stages of the dispute lifecycle.

An issuer can file pre-arbitration if the original chargeback was valid and one of the following happens after the second presentment:

• Your second presentment doesn’t resolve the dispute.
• The cardholder refutes your claim that the supporting documents were altered or falsified.
• The issuer claims the supporting documents weren’t legible or weren’t submitted within the time frame.
• The issuer continues to claim the combination of PAN and ARD in the chargeback do match the information in the original transaction.

If the issuer escalates the case to pre-arbitration, you — the merchant — have the chance to respond. You can either accept or reject liability. If you reject the pre-arbitration case, the issuer will likely proceed to arbitration. If that happens, you could be responsible for paying the expensive filing fees.

Check our Mastercard pre-arbitration and arbitration guide to learn more.

PREVENT

How can I avoid chargebacks like this in the future?

Here are steps you can take to prevent POI error chargebacks from happening.

• Don’t automatically apply dynamic currency conversion (DCC) to transactions. Give customers the option to select the service if they are interested, but don’t require its use.
• Have systems in place to manage multiple currencies. Make sure staff are trained on procedures.

Want more information about preventing point-of-interaction error chargebacks? Visit our detailed guide about chargeback prevention.

NOTE

Mastercard chargeback rules are complex. The guide is over 1,500 pages long — compared to 67 pages for Visa — and contains detailed rules for both issuers and acquirers.

In an attempt to simplify the complex, we are only sharing information that is most relevant to merchants. If you are an acquirer and in need of more details, reach out to our team. We’d be happy to walk through the specifics with you.